Unfortunately, limited documentation is available to explain how to author unit tests and integration tests in Terraform modules. The variables.tf file contains our input variables. Verified modules are reviewed by HashiCorp and actively maintained by contributors to stay up-to-date and compatible with both Terraform and their respective providers. Terraform will treat this information as confidential and hide it from the console display when running terraform apply. This module provides an opinionated approach for delivering the core platform capabilities of enterprise-scale landing zones using Terraform, based on the architecture published in the Cloud Adoption Framework enterprise-scale landing zone … We have deployed a full CI/CD pipeline in Azure DevOps that is deploying our infrastructure into Azure using Terraform. You can replace the last command line with additional mage steps. Go developers probably will notice that the unit test matches the signature of a classic Go test function by accepting an argument of type *testing.T. The inputs are declared in ./variables.tf: As we mentioned earlier in the article, this module also outputs a URL that's declared in ./outputs.tf: The main logic of the module provisions four resources: The static webpage module logic is implemented in ./main.tf: Terratest is designed for integration tests. You can use Azure Terraform modules to create reusable, composable, and testable components. In the next article, we will learn about more advanced HCL concepts like for loops, operators, and functions, which will allow us to perform more advanced infrastructure deployments. terraform-azurerm-vnet. Terraform modules incorporate encapsulation that's useful in implementing infrastructure as code processes. To remove all Azure resources provisioned with Terraform run: terraform destroy 8. We'll place each file according to the directory structure above. Terraform tooling is built to understand the standard module structure and use that structure to generate documentation, index modules for the module registry, and more. HCL 2 1 1 0 Updated on Jun 29, 2020. Azure Cloud Adoption Framework - Enterprise-scale Create Cloud Adoption Framework enterprise-scale landing zones. This does not protect the value from within a Terraform's state file; it will still be in cleartext, which is why in a real-world production scenario, we would want to use remote state. Modules are instrumental in defining standards and consistency across resource deployment within and across environments. We use the helper function to make sure that HTML is uploaded to the output homepage URL that's returned by terraform output. In this guide, we are going to create a module and learn how to integrate it into our Terraform configurations. For each unit test case, we first run terraform init and target the test fixture folder (./test/fixtures/storage-account-name/). Each module reduces time spent on delivering cloud resources by allowing consumers to provide a handful of inputs with … The input variables are the parameters that our module accepts to customize its deployment. To run the integration tests, complete the following steps on the command line: The traditional Go test result returns in about two minutes. Instead, we would want to break up our Terraform configurations into modules; typically, the best practice is a module for each component. If your working with Terraform you are eventually going to start writing your own modules. His technology passions are Cloud and DevOps tools. It's recommended to have README.md files for every Terraform configuration to describe what it is and how it is used. aztfmod / caf-azure-firewall Azure Firewall module for … Be sure to check out the prerequisites on "Getting Started with Terraform on Azure: Deploying Resources"for a guide on how to set this up. Before you begin, you'll need to set up the following: 1. The idea is to reduce the amount of repetition in our code. Terratest does a good job with this kind of task. Terraform supports a number of different methods for authenticating to Azure: Authenticating to Azure using the Azure CLI; Authenticating to Azure using Managed Service Identity; Authenticating to Azure using a Service Principal and a Client Certificate; Authenticating to Azure using a Service Principal and a Client Secret In our example, I have uploaded our storage account module to an Azure DevOps Repo. We don't want to have a single main.tf file with over 1000 lines of code. Module A contains rg.tf file to create resource group on azure. Also, we can use the same module multiple times in a configuration with a different parameter string: We just created our first module. Automating infrastructure has several benefits: Lowers the potential for human errors … We also looked at how to store our modules in a git repository like GitHub and Azure Repos. Azure / naming 8 months ago 27.9K provider. A new sample folder named hello-world/ is created in the ./examples/ folder. Outputs are just as important as well. Today we will take a step forward and make the module more usable. To use a module's output values in another resource, specify the values by referencing it in the module.. format: If we plan to share this module throughout multiple environments, its best practice to put the module in a source control repository, we then get all the benefits of source control for our module like change tracking. Using Terraform Modules from Git in Azure DevOps. By creating four modules for each service in this environment, we can also re-use the same code in both Dev, QA, and Prod. Azure subscription. This prevents any breaking changes from affecting configurations that are already in production. In this section, we focus on the three files that are marked with an asterisk (*) in the following folder structure: Let's start with the samples. We looked at all the most popular testing infrastructures and chose Terratest to use for testing our Terraform modules. The ability to use software development testing practices to test our Terraform code is an enormous benefit of having infrastructure defined in code in the first place. The Terraform sample ./examples/hello-world/main.tf is similar to the one shown in the unit test. Modules allow for packaging your Terraform code and logic into a re-usable unit of work that you can then share with others, or just re-use yourself. This module gives users from around the world access to the webpage through a URL that the module returns. (Only the first four of these environment variables are required.) The Terraform Registry hosts a broad collection of publicly available Terraform modules for configuring many kinds of common infrastructure. This tutorial introduces a testing infrastructure and best practices that we adopted when we built our Azure Terraform modules. terraform-azure. Use standard modules. Registry . As a life long learner Luke’s objective is to discover ways to automate tedious and troublesome tasks and to share his findings with others. The .tf files in your working directory when you run terraform plan or terraform … We also need to include any required variable inputs for our storage account module. For example, you can use mage unit or mage clean. Creating modules in Terraform is very easy; all we need are input variables and a standard configuration of resources. In the example, we are going to create our first module for a storage account. ; Terraform: Install Terraform to run the module created by Yeoman. But, we don't really need to provision any resources. One slight problem, upon destroying the… Terraform module to create/provision Azure vnet 4 months ago 35.1K provider. ; Docker: Install Docker to run the module created by the Yeoman generator. To avoid working with real data, why not test those samples as integration tests? - aztfm/terraform-azurerm-virtual-network To make this process more efficient, we introduce the build system in our project. We also have a README.md at the root folder. Conclusion # Hopefully now you have an idea of what it takes to deploy a function app with Terraform, which Azure resources are involved and what are the steps to have your function running in the cloud. The overall folder structure of this tutorial is shown in the following example. The verified badge appears next to modules that are published by a verified source. However, enterprise organizations typically require a private registry. We have our root module configuration files at the root of our repository directory, which in this example, is storage-account. We are no longer copying and pasting our code from dev to QA to Prod. However, in a real production environment, we would possibly want to implement network policies as well as logging options. The output is similar to the following: Terraform plan can be used to preview the actions to be completed by the Terraform script: In current directory we have multiple terraform files. For our storage account module, we are keeping it as simple as possible for the example by receiving inputs for the storage account name, location, and resource group: The main.tf file contains the code for creating a storage account. We use Terratest and classic Go test functions again in the integration test file ./test/hello_world_example_test.go. This blog post is part of the series about using Terraform on Microsoft Azure.In this part, I will discuss about how you can organize your Terraform files and how to maximize code reuse, especially using Terraform modules. Our Terraform modules turn into building blocks that can be used over and over again to create infrastructure on demand. The Terraform Registry is a centralized place for community-made Terraform modules. Save the file and then initialize the Terraform deployment. Next, a terraform plan command that uses specific test case input (take a look at the website_name definition in tfOptions) saves the result to ./test/fixtures/storage-account-name/terraform.tfplan (not listed in the overall folder structure). We use another helper function, HttpGetWithCustomValidation(), which is provided by Terratest. ; Visual Studio Code: Download Visual Studio Code for your platform. Terraform on Azure documentation. Modules can be used to create lightweight abstractions, so that you can describe your infrastructure in terms of its architecture, rather than directly in terms of physical objects. The modules used to deploy this first landing zone are available in the official Terraform registry. Please click the like button and subscribe to Skylines Academy to support our channel. One of the more apparent benefits of using them is that they allow our code to be DRY. The examples folder contains some end-to-end samples. 3. DRY is a software development term that stands for Don't Repeat Yourself. Folder Struture : C:\Terraform\ResourceGroup \rg.tf \var.tf \output.tf C:\Terraform\Vnet \vnet.tf rg.tf contains: For example, we could create a module for SQL databases that contain all of our configurations for deploying SQL with our needs. terraform init. It seems like a lot of work for creating a module and can be overwhelming; however, start small and slowly build out your module. Supports an object of defaults, and outputs are suitable for the VM and VMSS modules. We provide a Dockerfile to build a new image based FROM the microsoft/terraform-test Docker hub image which adds additional tools / packages specific for this module (see Custom Image section). Lastly, modules also provide a way for Terraform users to share their configurations either privately or within the Terraform community. Then, terraform init, terraform apply, and terraform output are executed, one by one. It is best practice to specify the provider at the root module file; that way, all modules that are called will then inherit this provider. Please enable Javascript to use this application If Unit tests are local running test cases (although internet access is required). Be sure to check out the prerequisites on "Getting Started with Terraform on Azure: Deploying Resources"for a guide on setting up Azure Cloud Shell. 2021 CloudSkills.io, 3rd fastest-growing programming language on GitHub, "Getting Started with Terraform on Azure: Deploying Resources", Azure Cloud Shell. It is very helpful to have an understand of how state files work, refer to my other blog on state files and start there. Terraform on Microsoft Azure - Part 4: Terraform projects organization and modules 11 Sep 2019 in DevOps | Microsoft Azure | Terraform. We could then use our module to define the 'standards' for how we want all our storage accounts to be configured: Next, we will create another main.tf file at the root of our terraformdemo folder which will reference our newly created storage account module directory: In the root main.tf, we call our module using a module block followed by a string parameter. Terraform modules incorporate encapsulation that's useful in implementing infrastructure as code processes. In our main.tf file, we also include the azurerm provider block. In the body of the unit test, we have a total of five cases that are defined in variable testCases (key as input, and value as expected output). You can use Azure Terraform modules to create reusable, composable, and testable components. This would need to be defined separately as additional security rules on subnets in the deployed network. 2020-03-14. You can find the final code in the tutorial repo. This is a public git repo and will not require any authentication configuration. Deploying Re-usable Code In my series of Terraform, from the basics to the more advanced topics, we’re going to cover off Modules. Luke Orellana is a VMware vExpert who's been immersed in the IT Infrastructure realm since 2005. We can then re-use each module to deploy services and build out the infrastructure for various environments. For example, we can have a module for SQL servers and a separate one for Virtual Machines. Files marked with an asterisk (*) are the primary focus in this section. Creates a basic load balancer, backend pool, list of rules and probes. In the example we only have a small set of arguments for our storage account to keep things simple. We will start by creating a module folder and then reference that module in another Terraform configuration. Modules also have output values, which are defined within the module with the output keyword. Questions, use-cases, and useful patterns. Alternatively use only the microsoft/terraform-test Docker hub image by using these in… In this video we learned how to create a terraform module and what is the use of it and little bit of how real environment works with IAC. Be sure to check out the prerequisites on. We could then re-use that module whenever a SQL database is needed and call it within our Terraform configurations. The Terraform Registry hosts thousands of self-contained packages called modules. » Standard Module Structure The standard module structure is a file and directory layout we recommend for reusable modules distributed in separate repositories. Achieving full CI/CD. Instead of executing az login before tests, you can complete Azure authentication by setting the service principal environment variables. Next, we have our modules folder, which contains any sub-modules that would be needed to perform additional tasks, for example, configuring Private Link or setting up a Static Website. There's one significant difference: the sample also prints out the URL of the uploaded HTML as a webpage named homepage. For Terraform-specific support, use one of HashiCorp's community support channels to Terraform: standard Terraform module folder structure, obtain the value of these environment variables, Terraform section of the HashiCorp community portal, Terraform Providers section of the HashiCorp community portal. These modules are free to use, and Terraform can download them automatically if you specify the appropriate source and version in a module … You can access them by referring to module..

.Module outputs are listed under the outputs tab in the Terraform registry.. Module outputs are usually either passed to other parts of your configuration, or defined as outputs in your root module. They allow us to transfer information to and from modules so that they can build off of each other. The sample code in this article does not work with version 0.12 (and greater). Below is a list of commands to run in Az… We also have our examples directory, which should contain examples of every possible scenario of our module. Azure Cloud Shell. Before you begin, you'll need to set up the following: 1. In this blog post, I will show you how I use Terraform modules with variables to create resources in Microsoft Azure. Azure subscription: If you don't have an Azure subscription, create a free account before you begin. Create a basic virtual network in Azure. This result file is parsed to a code-readable structure by using the official Terraform plan parser. Sometimes, integration test jobs can become exceptionally large, especially when you have a large number of resources to provision. I assume you already know some of the basics about Terraform, and have even tried to use it before. For an overview, please read the Management Groups documentation.. Terraform -v = Terraform v0.12.6. He's been creating technical blog content and guest speaking at Webinars throughout the years. Modules should also be used as a way to split up a large environment into smaller components. Below we are creating an output block for our storage account primary access key so we can store it in an Azure Key Vault after it is created: Also note, we are using the sensitive argument to specify that the primary_access_key output for our storage account contains sensitive data. The modules that are on the public Terraform Registry can be used by referencing them in the // format. tfOptions makes all Terraform commands that target the ./examples/hello-world/ folder. We only want to make sure that the naming conversion logic is correct. Typically, we prefer to use unit tests for complex logic by using Terraform HCL functions. The rest of this section describes how we use Terratest to implement a unit test to make sure that the logic used to convert storage account names is correct. The input object has type = any for greater flexibility, including a mix and … This v0.13 module creates a nested Azure Management Group structure using a simple and dense input object. In this guide, we will be importing some pre-existing infrastructure into Terraform. Finally, terraform destroy is "promised" to be executed by leveraging the defer feature of Go. How do i use the output of one into another ? Surprisingly, a lot of beginners skip over Terraform modules for the sake of simplicity, or so they think. Leveraging open-source modules from the Terraform registry is a good practice and a quick way to get started. The module does not create nor expose a security group. Learn how to use Terraform to reliably provision virtual machines and other infrastructure on Azure. In contrast to unit tests, integration tests must provision resources to a real environment for an end-to-end perspective. In the example below, we are using a module to deploy Azure Functions from the Terraform Registry: When we run Terraform init, the module is automatically downloaded and used during the terraform apply. In this example, we are merely referencing the module in our modules subfolder, so the path is ./modules/storage-account. When creating production-grade Terraform configurations, modules are an absolute must. terraform-azurerm-management-groups. Unlike unit tests, integration tests create actual resources in Azure. In this section, we use a Go build system, mage, for the job. Unit test cases execute terraform init and terraform plan commands to parse the output of terraform plan and look for the attribute values to compare. Terratest is implemented as a Go library. First, create a new folder named staticwebpage under your GoPath src folder. This practice ensures accurate infrastructure comparisons between each environment throughout each stage of development. We usually use integration tests for the end-to-end perspective of a user. It accepts one input, website_name, which is also the input of the unit tests. This blog is going to continue with the… To use a Terraform module from a git repository, change the source argument to the git URL. (Pay special attention to some globally unique names like storage account names.) It's important to implement quality assurance when you create Terraform modules. This is a natural fit for custom Azure policies and initiatives since it allows organizations to implement all … Thanks to the flexibility of Terratest, we can use unit tests. Modules In yesterday’s blog post I showed how to use modules without variables and hardcode the values. Azure Cloud Shell. Running test cases in Azure Cloud Shell requires executing different commands in various directories. Terraform publishes a list of environment variable names. Sounds idyllic right? A Terraform Registry can also be private and used via Terraform Cloud. Variable inputs are not the only important part of a module. We compare the HTTP GET status code with 200 and look for some keywords in the HTML content. We would also need to generate and install the SSH certificate for authentication: For using a Terraform module source from a GitHub repo, use the URL to the GitHub project. We went over how to create a module and how to reference the output from a module. It is a good idea to check the Terraform Registry before building your own module to save time. Architecture diagram Azure, Terraform. Creating an output for a module is the same process as with a regular Terraform configuration. It's a good idea to embed dep commands and az login in the magefile. Learn how to use Terraform Modules in this lecture and demonstration. Terraform also publishes detailed instructions that explain how to obtain the value of these environment variables. Prerequisites. Inside the block, we need to reference the module that we are using by declaring a source argument. In this article, we learned about modules and how we can use them to abstract our Terraform configurations. In 2019 HCL was the 3rd fastest-growing programming language on GitHub, which validates the accelerated adoption of the HashiCorp product stack. When creating modules, try not to include a provider inside the module itself as much as possible. Lastly, we have our test folder, which includes test files written in Golang to test our module using the examples from the example folder; we will go more into testing modules in a later article in this series: This module structure is how we can create production-grade Terraform modules that can be used for every project. In that case, you can simplify magefiles across all your modules by referencing only a common implementation and declaring dependencies (mg.Deps()). The file ./test/fixtures/storage-account-name/main.tf is the test case frame. Module B contains vnet.tf file and it needs resource group name from Module A. Tagging modules is a best practice because it allows us to "pin" a stable working version of our module to a Terraform configuration. 2. Get exclusive access to special trainings, updates on industry trends, and tips on how to Instead, we parameterize our modules to allow us to customize slightly for each environment, such as resource names and networking subnets: Creating a module for each cloud service also allows us to re-use modules in other projects as well. The code is similar to the running steps we used in an earlier section. The logic is shown here: The major component is the implementation of the unit tests in ./test/storage_account_name_unit_test.go. Reuse of components is a fundamental principle of infrastructure as code. advance your career in the tech industry. Best practices for Terraform modules include installing the examples folder. Terraform module for the Azure public cloud destined for the Virtual Network resource. Later, they find themselves going through hundreds of lines of configuration code. This can cause further complexity and make modules brittle. 2. terraform-azurerm-load-balancer. The only thing required by mage is magefile.go in your project's root directory (marked with (+) in the following example): Here's an example of ./magefile.go. But it's your decision whether to use unit tests or integration tests in a scenario. Code in the terraform-azure Repo typically consumes Modules defined in the terraform-modules Repo, though there are a few exceptions.. Also, by splitting our environment up into modules, we now have pieces of our infrastructure separated into a testable module. Now, we look for the attributes we're interested in (in this case, the name of the azurerm_storage_account) and compare the results with the expected output: To run the unit tests, complete the following steps on the command line: The traditional Go test result returns in about a minute. Azure subscription. Built with in Scottsdale, AZ© »Define root output values. The diagram below demonstrates the strategy of splitting up the various Azure services by component modules. The static webpage module accepts three inputs. When we run our terraform init in the terraformdemo directory we can see that the module is initialized: When we run terraform apply, it will reference the storage-account module to create our storage account with the settings we declared in the module input. Create an output.tf file and use an output block to declare our output values. The following list describes some of the major advantages of using Terratest: In this tutorial, you create a Terraform module that provisions a static webpage by uploading a single HTML file to an Azure Storage blob. It's important to implement quality assurance when you create Terraform modules. We don't show the code here. Splitting up our code into smaller modules allows us to make changes to our environment safely without affecting large chunks of code. The private registry is a good practice so that enterprise organizations can create a common place for reusable Terraform modules, … We will begin with a folder hierarchy like the following: Copy the code for the main.tf and variables.tf configurations and create each file. The default value for the input structure is based on Enterprise-Scale.. It also makes sure that website_name is set to the randomized websiteName. This module is straightforward, however, for more complex scenarios like deploying a Virtual Machine with encrypted disks, a module can be perfect for abstracting all the complexity away with just a few inputs. Building a module can take a long time; however, there are thousands of modules shared by the community that you can take advantage of by using them as a base or just using them on their own. Therefore, the first step of the testing logic is to generate a randomized websiteName by using the UniqueId() function provided by Terratest. This function generates a random name that has lowercase letters, uppercase letters, or numbers. We can use the https URL and prefix it with git::: If we run a terraform init we can see in the console output that the module is downloaded from the git repo and saved to the .terraform/modules local directory: Also, if we wanted to use a private Azure Repo with SSH, we could reference our module in the source argument via an SSH URL like below. Optional: Set service principal environment variables to run acceptance tests. Folder and Files Below … Continue reading "Use Terraform Modules And Variables With Microsoft Azure" That's why you need to be careful to avoid naming conflicts. The private registry should ensure full control and consistency across the source code. Before you begin, you'll need to set up the following: In a real-world Terraform environment, we wouldn't want to re-create the same code over and over again for deploying infrastructure.