He was the 18th dynasty’s (c. 1549/1550 to 1292 BC) 4th pharaoh. W. V. Davies, "Tombos and the Viceroy Inebny/Amenemnekhu". His wife Hatshepsut was the eldest daughter of Thutmose I and Ahmose his Great Queen, making her both Thutmose II’s half-sister as well as his cousin. It appears ancient tomb robbers had badly damaged his mummy in their search for amulets, scarabs and jewellery inset with gold and precious gems. Thutmose II (about 1492-1479 BC) King of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Select from premium Tomb Of Thutmose Iii of the highest quality. A goose skeleton was found inside one of them, sacrificed for religious purposes. [8] However, apart from several surviving blocks of buildings erected by the king at Semna, Kumma, and Elephantine, Thutmose II's only major monument consists of a limestone gateway at Karnak that once lay at the front of the Fourth Pylon's forecourt. Merytre-Hatshepsut was the daughter of the divine adoratrice Huy. While Thutmose II personally was not a military general, as his son Thutmose III proved himself to be, his assertive policies and support for Egypt’s military garnered him praise for his generals’ victories. It is known that he reigned for only three years before his early death, at the age of 16. But a recent discovery may finally help them to uncover it. A clear count of monuments from his rule, which is the principal tool for estimating a king's reign when dated documents are not available, is nearly impossible because Hatshepsut usurped most of his monuments, and Thutmose III in turn reinscribed Thutmose II's name indiscriminately over other monuments. He built some minor monuments and initiated at leas [9] The gateway was later dismantled and its building blocks incorporated into the foundation of the Third Pylon by Amenhotep III.[2]. Thutmose III was Thutmose II’s son and heir son by Iset, his secondary wife. Alfred Edersheim proposes in his Old Testament Bible History that Thutmose II is best qualified to be the pharaoh of Exodus based on the fact that he had a brief, prosperous reign and then a sudden collapse with no son (except for Thutmose III) to succeed him. Finally, his right leg had been severed. Niwiński said the chest, which measures about 16 inches long and resembles a stone block, bears the name of Thutmose II, who was Hatshepsut’s husband and father of Thutmose III. This would create a gap of 13 to 14 years where Thutmose II's reign would fit in between Hatshepsut and Thutmose I's rule. Some of them were hidden in an old tomb of the XI dynasty at Deir El Bahari, while the others were placed in a small chamber in the tomb of Amenhotep II at the Valley of the Kings. Archaeologists from Warsaw University’s Institute of Archaeology led by Andrzej Niwiński have discovered a treasure chest and a wooden box dated 3,500 years back in the Egyptian site of Deir el-Bahari in March 2020. Aakheperenre Thutmose II (d. 1479 BC; sometimes spelled Thutmosis) was the fourth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty.He was probably dominated by his wife, Hatshepsut, and did very little in his reign, but did carry out at least two minor campaigns.His reign has generally been dated from 1493 to 1479 BC.Thutmose II's body was found in the Deir el-Bahri Cache above the Mortuary … His anterior abdominal wall and much of his chest had been hacked at, possibly by an axe. It is located at Deir el-Bahari, also known as The Northern Monastery, on the West Bank of the Nile across from the city of Luxor. It is believed that what the third bundle contained was an ibis egg which had a symbolic meaning for the ancient Egyptians. The tomb of Pharaoh Thutmose II has long eluded archaeologists. [31], Media related to Thutmosis II at Wikimedia Commons. n. l. Během své vlády postavil několik menších monumentů a podnikl nejméně dvě menší válečné výpravy. Thutmose II constructed a festival court at Karnak. Some archaeologists believe that Hatshepsut was the real power behind the throne during Thutmose II's rule because of the similar domestic and foreign policies that were later pursued under her reign and because of her claim that she was her father's intended heir. Encuentra fotos de stock perfectas e imágenes editoriales de noticias sobre Tomb Of Thutmose Ii en Getty Images. This is often interpreted as evidence that Thutmose II was still a minor at his accession. Von Beckerath, uses this line of argument to support the case of a 13-year reign for Thutmose II. Additional children include Menkheperre and daughters named Nebetiunet, Meryetamun (C), Meryetamun (D) and Iset. Only after a closer look did it turn out to be a chest."[24]. Von Beckerath observes that a Year 18 date appears in a fragmentary inscription of an Egyptian official and notes that the date likely refers to Hatshepsut's prenomen Maatkare, which had been altered from Aakheperenre Thutmose II, with the reference to the deceased Thutmose II being removed. Thutmose II’s elder brothers, Amenmose and Wadjmose both died prior to inheriting their father’s throne, leaving Thutmose II as the surviving heir. Nonetheless, scholars generally assign him a reign from 1493 or 1492 to 1479. It is still possible to estimate when Thutmose II's reign would have begun by means of a heliacal rise of Sothis in Amenhotep I's reign, which would give him a reign from 1493 to 1479 BC,[4] although uncertainty about how to interpret the rise also permits a date from 1513 to 1499 BC,[5] and uncertainty about how long Thutmose I ruled could also potentially place his reign several years earlier still. He built some minor monuments and initiated at least two minor campaigns but did little else during his rule and was probably strongly … Hatshepsut went on to forge a reputation as one of ancient Egypt’s most able and successful pharaohs. History has not been kind to Tuthmosis II. [14] This inscription is now usually attributed to Hatshepsut, who certainly did have an 18th year. Thutmose II (sometimes Thutmosis, or Tuthmosis II, which means Born of Thoth) was the fourth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt.He built some small monuments and began two small military campaigns but did little else during his rule and was probably strongly influenced by his wife, Hatshepsut.He ruled from 1493 BC to 1479 BC.Thutmose II's body was found in the Deir … (též známý jako Thutmosis II.) The mummy of Thutmose II was badly degraded when in 1886 it was first unwrapped. Find the perfect Tomb Of Thutmose Ii stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Niwiński speculates that the pharaoh’s tomb is beneath a large accumulation of rubble that lies between the foundation deposit and the chapel dedicated to Thutmose II … He was, therefore, a lesser son of Thutmose I and chose to marry his fully royal half-sister, Hatshepsut, in order to secure his kingship. About King Thutmose IV: Pharaonic family: the eighteenth family. [4][6], Ineni, who was already aged by the start of Thutmose II's reign, lived through this ruler's entire reign into that of Hatshepsut. Thutmose II’s mummy was in poor shape when it was unwrapped in 1886 by Gaston Maspero. [7] Since he lived long enough to father two children—Neferure and Thutmose III—this suggests that he may have had a longer reign of 13 years in order to reach adulthood and start a family. [28] This quite possibly indicates that the raid against the Shasu was only fought en route to Syria.[28]. Pharaoh Thutmose II was married to the famous Queen Hatshepsut, his own sister. His left arm was snapped off at the shoulder and his forearm was separated at the elbow joint. It had been severely damaged after his death by ancient tomb robbers. The tomb of Tuthmosis III (KV 34) is said to be one of the most sophisticated tombs in the Valley of the Kings.Discovered by Victor Loret's workmen in 1898 during this famous Egyptologist's absence, work did not begin on clearing the rubble form the entrance until his return. Thutmose I's mummy was discovered in the Deir el-Bahri Cache above the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, revealed in 1881. Thutmose II. [15] Von Beckerath additionally stresses that Egyptologists have no conclusive criteria to statistically evaluate the reign length of Thutmose II based on the number of preserved objects from his reign. Haz tu selección entre imágenes premium sobre Tomb Of Thutmose Ii de la más alta calidad. Thutmose II’s comparatively short reign limited his accomplishments on the battlefield. To date, Thutmose II’s tomb has not been discovered, nor has a royal mortuary temple dedicated to him. His widow Hatshepsut then became first Regent (for Thutmose III) then Pharaoh in her own right. Thutmose II (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis II, Thothmes in older history works in Latinized Greek; Ancient Egyptian: /ḏḥwty.ms/ Djehutymes, meaning "Thoth is born") was the fourth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. She is depicted in several raised relief scenes from a Karnak gateway dating to Thutmose II's reign both together with her husband and alone. Similarly, his wife and half-sister Hatshepsut took power in her own right not long after she had been appointed as regent to Tuthmosis II’s son Tuthmosis III. Where is a Thutmose IV Tomb located? While he successfully put down rebellions in Nubia and the Levant and defeated a group of nomadic Bedouins, these campaigns were specifically carried out by the king's Generals, and not by Thutmose II himself. His army suppressed Kush’s attempt to rebel against Egyptian rule by dispatching an armed force into Nubia. The tomb of Thutmose III, a pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, is elaborate, as it should be for a King. [12][page needed] Alan Gardiner noted that at one point a monument had been identified by Georges Daressy in 1900,[13] dated to Thutmose's 18th year, although its precise location has not been identified. Zygmunt Wysocki, "The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari: Its Original Form". Cite this article David Rymer BA MBT, "Thutmose II," Give Me History, September 16, 2019, https://givemehistory.com/thutmose-ii. Thutmose I: Tomb-Building Trendsetter. Thutmose II and Hatshepsut are shown both separately and together in inscriptions carved onto the walls of the gateway to Karnak. The second one included goose eggs. The stone box with the items wrapped in linen canvas found at the excavation site, which suggest Thutmose II’s tomb is nearby. Egyptologists are still debating the likely duration of Thutmose II’s rule. Reign period: 1401–1391 BC. His mummy was discovered in 1886 amidst a reburied cache of royal mummies from 18th and 19th Dynasty kings at Deir el-Bahari. Thutmose III here later replaced depictions of Hatshepsut with those by Thutmose II in those parts of the temple that are proposed to have been executed by the latter king before Hatshepsut took over the temple following Thutmose II's death. It uses a plan which is typical of eighteenth dynasty tombs, with a sharp turn at the vestibule preceding the burial chamber. [10] While monuments can be usurped, scarabs are so small and comparatively insignificant that altering their names would be impractical and without profit; hence, they provide a far better insight into this period. The layout of the tomb of Amenhotep II, with its broken main axis, follows the model of the tomb of Thutmose III, as well as its mural decoration, whose main motif is the Book of Amduat “Text of the Hidden Chamber Which is in the Underworld”, the night journey of the sun god Ra. (Andrzej Niwiński / Warsaw University’s Institute of Archaeology ) The stone chest contained several surprising items, all … [3], Manetho's Epitome has been a debated topic among Egyptologists with little consensus given the small number of surviving documents for his reign, but a 13-year reign is preferred by older scholars while newer scholars prefer a shorter 3-4 year reign for this king due to the minimal amount of scarabs and monuments attested under Thutmose II. Header Image courtesy: Wmpearlderivative work: JMCC1 [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons. "The box is 40 cm long and looks like a medium stone block. To date, Thutmose II’s tomb has not been discovered, nor has a royal mortuary temple dedicated to him. It is still possible to estimate when Thutmose II's reign would have begun by means of a heliacal rise of Sothis in Amenhotep I's … [23][24], The stone chest consisted of several items and all of them covered with linen canvas. His body was found in the Deir el-Bahri Cache above the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut and can be viewed today in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. [30], Thutmose II is one of the more popular candidates for the Pharaoh of the Exodus. Thutmose II father was the Pharaoh Thutmose I while his mother was Mutnofret one of Thutmose I’s secondary wives. Gabolde highlighted, in his analysis, the consistently small number of surviving scarabs known for Thutmose II compared to Thutmose I and Hatshepsut respectively; for instance, Flinders Petrie's older study of scarab seals noted 86 seals for Thutmose I, 19 seals for Thutmose II and 149 seals for Hatshepsut while more recent studies by Jaeger estimate a total of 241 seals for Thutmose I, 463 seals for Hatshepsut and only 65 seals for Thutmose II. Three bundles of flax were found during the excavation. The site of KV 34 in the Valley of the Kings consists of at least seven chambers and was the resting place for the mummy of Thutmose III. Thutmose II (sometimes read as Thutmosis, or Tuthmosis II and meaning Born of Thoth, probably pronounced during his lifetime as Djhutymose) was the fourth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. Tomb . Deir el-Bahari is a group of funerary temples separated from the Valley of the Kings by the mountain, el-Qurn. He built some minor monuments and initiated at least two minor campaigns but did little else during his rule and was probably strongly influenced by his wife, Hatshepsut. Evidence suggests much of his chest and his abdominal wall had been hacked by an axe. Although Ineni's autobiography can be interpreted to say that Thutmose reigned only a short time, it also calls Thutmose II a "hawk in the nest", indicating that he was perhaps a child when he assumed the throne. It is similar in plan to that of his predecessor Thutmose III, and is one of the most beautiful Tombs in the Valley. Thutmose II’s forces similarly put down small-scale uprisings across the Levant region. Date of death: 1391 BC. Thutmose II, (flourished 2nd millennium bce), 18th-dynasty king (reigned c. 1482–79 bce) of ancient Egypt who suppressed a revolt in Nubia, Egypt’s territory to the south, and also sent a punitive expedition to Palestine against some Bedouins.. Thutmose was born to Thutmose I, his predecessor, by one of his secondary queens, Mutnofret.Thutmose II married his fully royal … 1479–1425 B.C., Original... Egypt - Ancient Thebes - Luxor - Valley of the Kings - Tomb of Thutmose III, New Kingdom, Dynasty XVIII. Thomas Schneider, "Contributions to the Chronology of the New Kingdom and the Third Intermediate Period", Family tree of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, "Treasure Chest Found in Egypt Reveals Clues to Thutmose II's Lost Tomb", "Stone chest found in ancient temple and containing skeleton of a sacrificial goose could lead to hidden royal tomb", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thutmose_II&oldid=1006890176, Pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2016, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 February 2021, at 10:30. In 1987, Luc Gabolde published an important study that statistically compared the number of surviving scarabs found under Thutmose I, Thutmose II and Hatshepsut. Thutmose III built the Temple of Amun in his later years. Hatshepsut's reign is believed to have lasted for 21 years and 9 months. When nomadic Bedouins contested Egyptian rule in the Sinai Peninsula Thutmose II’s army met and vanquished them. Partially dug i… byl čtvrtým staroegyptským faraonem 18. dynastie, který vládl přibližně v letech 1492–1479 př. Based on the symbolism and engravings of the artifacts, Professor Niwiński said he hoped to find a real tomb. In addition, his right leg had been severed from his body. She is commonly associated with pregnancy and childbirth. Karnak’s massive limestone gateway is the biggest monument attributed to Thutmose II’s reign. To better understand the ebb and flow of this vibrant civilization, Egyptologists introduced three clusters, splitting this vast period of time firstly into the Old Kingdom... 3 Kingdoms: Old, Middle & New | Ancient Egypt, Top 23 Symbols of Love & Affection Throughout History, Top 23 Symbols of Friendship Throughout History, Top 23 Symbols of Health & Longevity Through History, Top 23 Symbols of Life Throughout History, Thutmose II’s father was Thutmose I and his wife was Mutnofret a secondary wife, The name Thutmose translates as “born of Thoth”, Thutmose II launched two military campaigns to subdue rebellions in the Levant and Nubia and suppressed a group of dissident nomads, Egyptologists believe Thutmose II was in his early 30’s when he died, In 1886, Thutmose II’s mummy was found amidst the cache of royal mummies from 18th and 19th Dynasty kings at Deir el-Bahari. Upon Hatshepsut’s death, Thutmose III his son emerged as one of ancient Egypt’s greatest kings, far eclipsing his father. Thutmose II’s mummy had been badly damaged by tomb robbers searching from gold and precious gems concealed in the mummy wrappings. [19] Finally, Zygmunt Wysocki has proposed that the funerary temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari was originally begun as Thutmose II's own mortuary temple. [26] On account of his relative youth at the time, Thutmose II dispatched an army into Nubia rather than leading it himself, but he seems to have easily crushed this revolt with the aid of his father's military generals. Following his death, Thutmose’s Queen and the co-regent with his son, Hatshepsut ordered his name stricken from temple inscriptions and monuments in an attempt to reinforce the legitimacy of her own reign. David is a freelance writer, non-fiction and fiction author and university lecturer in journalism, marketing and law. There is a strong familial resemblance to the mummy of Thutmose I, his likely father, as the mummy's face and shape of the head are very similar. Luc Gabolde, "La 'cour de fetes' de Thoutmosis II à Karnak", Luc Gabolde, "Monuments décorés en bas relief aux noms de Thoutmosis II et Hatshepsout à Karnak. On this basis, Gabolde estimated Thutmose I and II's reigns to be approximately 11 and 3 full years, respectively. … His right arm had been off below the elbow. [2], Manetho's Epitome refers to Thutmose II as "Chebron" (a reference to his prenomen, Aakheperenre) and gives him a reign of 13 years, but this figure is highly disputed among scholars. This begins with mating, laying eggs, growing... Goddess Heket, also known as Hekat and Heqet, is the Egyptian goddess of fertility and grain germination. Thutmose in ancient Egyptian translates as “born of Thoth.” In the ancient Egyptian pantheon of gods, Thoth was the Egyptian deity of wisdom, writing, magic and the moon. Thutmose II fathered Neferure with Hatshepsut, as well as a male heir, the famous Thutmose III, by a lesser wife named Iset before his death. Je pravděpodobné, že byl silně ovlivňován svojí sestrou a manželkou Hatšepsutou, která se po jeho smrti ujala vlády. Secondly, new archaeological work by French Egyptologists at Karnak has produced evidence of a pylon and an opulent festival court of Thutmose II in front of the 4th pylon according to Luc Gabolde. Based on a medical exam, it appears Thutmose II was in his early 30’s when he died. [16], Catherine Roerig has proposed that tomb KV20, generally believed to have been commissioned by Hatshepsut, was the original tomb of Thutmose II in the Valley of the Kings. The mummy was unwrapped by Gaston Maspero on July 1, 1886. He was interred along with other 18th and 19th dynasty leaders including Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose III, Ramesses I, Seti I, Ramesses II, and Ramesses IX. However, the colossal blocks used for his gateway were ultimately recycled as foundation blocks by Amenhotep III. This was an era in which ancient Egypt rose to the peak of its wealth, military power and diplomatic influence. Thutmose I (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis I, Thothmes in older history works in Latinized Greek; Ancient Egyptian: /ḏḥwty.ms/ Djehutymes, meaning "Thoth is born") was the third pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt.He received the throne after the death of the previous king, Amenhotep I.During his reign, he campaigned deep into the Levant and Nubia, pushing the … Two stairways and two corridors provide access to the vestibule which is preceded by a quadrangular shaft, or "well". The Tomb of Tuthmosis III, Valley of the Kings Jimmy Dunn writing as Mark Andrews. He has been based in the Middle East for over a decade travelling extensively in the region, including Egypt indulging in his passion for archaeology. His reign is generally dated from 1493 to 1479 BC. [18] Meanwhile, French Egyptologists at Karnak have also uncovered blocks from a chapel and a barque sanctuary constructed by Thutmose II there. Three mortuary temples exist at Deir el-Bahari; Montuhotep, Hatshepsut, and Thutmose III. This cache of reburied royalty contained the mummies of 20 disinterred pharaohs. Family. Manetho's Epitome has been a debated topic among Egyptologists with little consensus given the small number of surviving documents for his reign, but a 13-year reign is preferred by older scholars while newer scholars prefer a shorter 3-4 year reign for this king due to the minimal amount of scarabs and monuments attested under Thutmose II. He was similarly thought to Ra’s tongue and heart, making Thoth was one of the most powerful of ancient Egypt’s numerous gods. [20] Thutmose II also contributed to the decoration of the temple of Khnum at Semna.[21]. Relief of Thutmose II in Karnak Temple complex. Thutmose II died in his early 30’s. It follows the general style of KV 35 (Amenhotep II) in design, size and complexity, as well as its placement under a storm-fed waterfall. He was interred along with those of other 18th and 19th dynasty leaders Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, Thutmose II, Thutmose III, Ramesses I, Seti I, Ramesses II, and Ramesses IX, as well as the 21st dynasty pharaohs Pinedjem I, Pinedjem II, and Siamun. It is approached up a steep ladder that is located at the end of a narrow, rocky ravine. Thutmose II and Hatshepsut’s marriage produced Neferure a daughter. His skin had numerous scars and lesions on his skin indicating a possible form of skin disease even the skilled arts of the embalmer could not conceal. Find the perfect Tomb Of Thutmose Iii stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Even this monument was not completed in Thutmose II's reign but in the reign of his son Thutmose III, which hints at "the nearly ephemeral nature of Thutmose II's reign". Thutmose's tomb, discovered by Victor Loret in 1898, is in the Valley of the Kings. Where Hatshepsut removed Thutmose II’s name, she had her own name inscribed in its place. [14] Although this campaign has been called a minor raid, there is a fragment recorded by Kurt Sethe that records a campaign in Upper Retenu, or Syria, which appears to have reached as far as a place called Niy where Thutmose I hunted elephants after returning from crossing the Euphrates. Tomb of Thutmose III This is the tomb of the pharaoh who won an empire for his country, and who built a great Festival Temple at Karnak in thanksgiving to Amon-Ra for victory. Father: King Amenhotep II. Archaeologists at the Deir el-Bahari site have found a 3,500-year-old stone chest alongside which was a wooden box believed to have ties to Pharaoh Thutmose II. [27] An account of the campaign is given by the historian Josephus who refers to it as the Ethiopic War. C. Roerig, "The Building Activities of Thutmose III in the Valley of the Kings", in E.C. Thutmose's reign is still traditionally given as 13 or 14 years. Thutmose II (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis II, Thothmes in older history works in Latinized Greek; Ancient Egyptian: /ḏḥwty.ms/ Djehutymes, meaning "Thoth is born") was the fourth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Some scholars speculate that Thutmose ousted his older brother in order to usurp power and then commissioned the Dream Stele in order to justify his unexpected kingship. Brickmakers, Tomb of Rekhmire, New Kingdom, Nina de Garis Davies , Dynasty 18, reign of Thutmose III–early Amenhotep II, ca. The mummies were kept safe in these two places until they … The German Egyptologist, J. He amuses himself in his down time by writing. This patchwork of names created inconsistencies, resulting in Egyptologists only being able to locate his rule anywhere from c. 1493 BC to c. 1479 BC. [17] If correct, this would be a major project on the part of Thutmose II, which required a construction period of several years and implies a long reign for this king. Edersheim states that Thutmose II is the only Pharaoh's mummy to display cysts, possible evidence of plagues that spread through the Egyptian and Hittite Empires at that time. His reign is … [22] Thutmose II's Karnak building projects would also imply that his reign was closer to 13 years rather than just 3 years. Egyptologists discover treasure chest which may reveal clues to Thutmose II's lost tomb. Currently, the consensus amongst archaeologists is that Thutmose II reigned over Egypt for a mere 3 to 13 years. Thutmose II who is believed by Egyptologists to have reigned from c. 1493 to 1479 BC. But for the premature deaths of his older brothers, he may never have ruled Egypt. The tomb of Amenhotep II Akheperure (Dynasty XVIII) was discovered in 1898 by Victor Loret. In fact, the pharaoh's own daughter even got in on the trend! As was customary at the time within the Egyptian royal family, the eventual Thutmose II married into royalty at a young age. A traditional role of the Pharaoh is to sponsor large monumental construction programs. Some Egyptologists prefer to shorten his reign by a full decade to only three years because his highest Year Date is only a Year 1 II Akhet day 8 stele. The original coffin of Thutmose I was taken over and re-used by a later pharaoh of the 21st dynasty. However, several monuments survive on Elephantine Island, in Semna and Kumma. This cache of reburied royalty contained the mummies of 20 disinterred pharaohs. Thutmose II’s Tomb And Mummy. Ancient Egyptian stone chest containing the sacrificial goose may help the … [11] Hence, unless there was an abnormally low number of scarabs produced under Thutmose II, this would indicate that the king's reign was rather short-lived.